[Mallard- Head-Pumping] [A male and a female mallard float in water,  rhythmically bobbing their heads.] [Mallard- Head-Up- Tail-Up] [A male mallard pulls his wings up and tail up, then swims away with his neck outstretched and low over the water. Another male mallard swims by. Then four male mallards put their heads and tails up at the same time, in front of several female mallards.] [King Eider- Pushing, Reaching] [A male king eider preens while floating on water. He then places his bill tip close to the water with his chin tucked toward his breast and thrusts his head forward. He repeats this several times as he swims along, nearing a female. Another male king eider becomes visible, also performing the display.] [Common Goldeneye – Head-Throw] [Several male common goldeneyes are in the water, along with a couple females. The males thrust their heads forward, then reach them backward with bills raised, finishing the movement by quickly bringing their heads forward again. One male flaps his wings.] [Common Goldeneye – Head-Throw-Kick] [Several male common goldeneyes are in the water, along with some females. One  quickly thrusts his head forward, reaches backward with bill raised, brings his head forward, and kicks with his legs. Others dive under the water.] [Red-breasted Merganser – Salute-Curtsy] [A male red-breasted merganser, near a female, flattens his crest, stretches his neck out straight, then drops his chest and neck into the water with his tail tucked under. Another male quickly swims up, trying to stop him. The first female dives underwater, but other males and females become visible, with many performing the salute-curtsy. Sometimes the males chase each other. Others dive underwater.] [Explore Macaulaylibrary.org]