The Cornell Lab Bird Academy › Discussion Groups › Anything but Common: The Hidden Life of the American Crow › Crow Research Techniques
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Bird AcademyBird AcademyWhat was most interesting or surprising to you about the crow research team’s methods?You must be enrolled in the course to reply to this topic.
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It was interesting to learn why you used the wing tags as well as the leg bands. I also found it interesting to learn that they do not return to the same nest and that they nest so high up at the top of the trees. This year I hear them frequently in the woods behind one of the neighbors, and it makes me wonder if the nest is up in one of the white pines. Thank you for the fascinating information.
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The big tags! I didn't know anything about their nests. I'll have to search some out in the field.
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The size of the ID tags were quite noticable. I wonder if this affects behavior.
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The tags seem to be a little large.
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I had heard about the different tagging methods. Seeing them and hearing about some details (e.g., age, individuality) added context. Learning about the crow's nesting sites will/may help me to see more of them, as I hike around the area (and around the cemetery).
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I didn't know where they tend to nest toward the tops of tall trees. That info will be a big help in finding their nests (I hope).
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I'm surprised you don't use microchips to follow the birds
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How difficult the nest is to find. How many nestlings are in the clutch.
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I was just reading that old school thought was that research animals should not be given names. Tags are essentially names and obviously vital to your research.
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That the tags and bands in many cases lasted throughout the life of the crow and let the team know how long lived these birds are.
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Most interesting is the dedication of research throughout the life of the bird and the fact that it can possibly be a couple of decades! It's also interesting that the individuality of the birds can be learned.
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The fact that the crows in the study are given 2 bands as well as a wing tag. If I saw a crow with a wing tag I would think that something was wrong with it, and that it had become entangled in something. Also that you have to draw blood to sex the birds.
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The way you follow them for their entire lives was a surprise to me. Also how many tags they have.
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The length of time that the researchers studied the individual birds and got to know them, even without their tags.
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The wing tags and the radio wires on their backs. They look uncomfortable for the crows. But i know the researchers care about their birds and so im sure it must not bother them too much. also i did not know that crows got white feathers when they got older. Even though there is probably a measureof academic detachment, it must be sad for the researchers when a crow disappears and never comes back. I would be sad after spending so much time with them
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I did not realize that the birds wore multiple identifiers. I am sure getting good visuals on the nests is not an easy task. Would use of a drone be more feasible?
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Lifespan - In the past, I'd believe it was a lot shorter. Good to know. Makes me happy they live longer.
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I was most surprised to hear that individual crows are tracked for so many years! It must be heartbreaking for the researchers to lose a bird after spending so much time with it.
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Amazing lifespan!
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I had no idea that crows live so long. I also was surprised by the size of the wing tags.
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From eggs to grave.
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The ability to age the crows and the longevity of the crows.
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That they do wing tags. I love crows.
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I was struck by the longevity of the crows and the steadfastness of the researchers over many years. It also surprised me that the researchers could examine baby crows so thoroughly, with such a variety of procedures, and then return them to the nest to pursue life as a nestling unperturbed. I wonder if the encounters and procedures remain in the birds' memories or affect their future behavior in any discernible way. In later years do they talk to each other about having been kidnapped by aliens...?
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I was surprised at the wing ID tags, which seemed large and very noticeable, and I wondered if the crows payed any attention to them. The longevity of the crows was also very interesting to learn, however most crows unfortunately won’t reach old age due to accidents.
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My neighbor crows sometimes build a fake nest and then the actual nest they lay their eggs in. The real nest is always in an evergreen, like the ones in the film. They live much longer than I thought.
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The methods to track these birds are amazing. I’m also surprised about where they make their nests, and their longevity, and their white feathers, as they age. It’s really interesting that they have such different personalities. The pictures really help in identification. I’m in Western NY. I would love to spot one of those tagged crows in my field!
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The white feathers were a real surprise to me too! How interesting that they show similar signs of aging as other sentient beings. I hope you see a tagged crow someday!
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Two interesting things - how long the crow lives and where they nest. I now have an idea of where to look for them. Being at the center top of a tree and the crow's nest on sailing ships, how things are named is always interesting.
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-I was surprised by the age of the birds. I've worked with banding birds before so I am familiar with the process. I also learned where to look for their nests.
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Neat that your records include which birds specifically they ate with when they were juveniles. I find it fascinating that these birds' life stories are being recorded.
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The wing ID tags seem very large and my initial reaction was given the bird's intelligence, I wondered if they noticed them or were bothered by them.
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The biggest and best surprise to me was that the researchers didn't use gloves in handling the baby or adult crows. Obviously it didn't affect the parent crows reaction to their babies after they had been handled.
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The biggest surprise was how many different ways the birds are banded
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How many forms of identification they utilize. Also that they sometimes use radio on the birds is interesting. I didn’t know that great horned owls used their nests.
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The fact that they triple tag them, which of course makes sense since they have such a long life expectancy. That they can identify them by their behavior and other characteristics when or if the tags eventually fall off or wear off. That they make their nests high up in the center of tall trees and don't reuse them.
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I found it interesting that they have a hard time finding the nests each year due to the fact that the crows don’t go back to the same nest.
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It's awesome to hear that some crows you have researched have lived to be 19 years old! What is the oldest crow you have followed/researched?
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ElizabethBird AcademyThe oldest crows were the 19 year olds. They have had four individuals reach 19.
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I didn't realize that the crow research team followed individual crows for so long and had such an intricate understanding of the relationship between crows in the study area.
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Wish I could watch that video, so far none of the videos have been available
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alright so turns out it was an issue with the Wi-Fi permissions stopping me from seeing Vimeo videos.
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I was happy to learn the purpose of the wing tags, they seem so large, though clearly the crows are not bothered by them. There are 2 - 9 crows in my neighbourhood that I see daily and come to my feeders, oh my goodness I would love to know who is who! I think I can tell about two fairly confidently based on behaviour, but there is no way to know. I was also happy to learn how long they live. I had heard they could live a very long time in captivity, but I did not know they also have long lives in the wild. What a wonderful thing to study, they are really wonderful and amazing birds.
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The number of Identifiers used.
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I was delighted to learn that crows have a long longevity. I have one famil that comes to my feeder on a regular basis and brings its young to it every spring. The one crow has developed a dime sized white spot on it'a right wing. I did not know that the babies have blue eyes. So pleased to learn about the leg bands. I have photographs of several birds with various leg bands and wondered about them. One had 3 leg bands. Thank you for the information.
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It was interesting to know that young crows have blue eyes. Never observed this before but I will look for it next time I'm observing crows to see if I can use that as a cue to deduce age. Also, the analogy about the "crow's nest" on ships to describe where crows typically place nests was very good - will definitely help me remember where to spot crow nests. Very interesting to see how researchers are able to track individual crows for such extended periods of time.
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I never knew that people could have so many ways to identify one bird! I think it is amazing that you manage to catch these beautiful birds and, even after their tags have fallen off, have ways to recognize them years later!
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I didn't know that young crows had blue eyes. I did think it was fascinating to learn just how much data about the crows has been collected over 30 years. It was also very interesting to learn about the various bands and identification markers used, and how long they lasted (I'm actually surprised that some of them last 10 years or more).
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Thomas Earnest Seaton in "Wild Animals I Have Know" (I think that was the name of the book). I read it a long, long time ago and have appreciated cows because of his story. He reported on his research, using a crow renamed as "Silver Spot". How much of what he wrote has been found to be true and false?
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The most interesting thing is that you take the babies out of the nest. Where are the parents while you are doing this? I didn't think crows would have as long of lifespan as you stated. I was thinking more in the 10 year range.
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While I’m not surprised that the research team follows as complete a life cycle as possible - i never realized that crows life span was so long! Additionally, i am surprised that baby birds can be taken, tagged and returned to the nest without ill effects. That makes me happy. I am guessing when you can tag these birds - you get to know their personality a bit more - and then the social interaction...perhaps getting ahead of myself on that presumption. I will start looking for a crow’s nest next time in in area i know have many crows...now that i know where to look... i may get lucky..
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The bloodletting.
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What we found interesting was that the parents of the baby birds who were removed, banded etc accepted the baby birds afterwards. Our understanding is that parent birds will reject those that have been handled by humans.
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When I started volunteering at a wildlife rehabilitation centre about ten years ago, I was so glad to learn that is a complete myth! After many years of putting baby birds back in nests, I can confirm it totally is!
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I recently read The Genius of Birds and realized I hadn't thought of birds as individuals - I really thought everything was driven by instinct and that one bird was pretty much a substitute for another. This research reinforces that. I also didn't realize that Crows live that long, or that their feathers turn white as they age.
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I am glad to learn that crows can live beyond a few years. I helped raise a baby crow when I was young, and when she left and flew away with other crows, I always wondered what happened to her and how long she may have lived. her name was "Ima" and I taught her to say, "Ima crow!"
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I didn't know that their nests are at the very top of a tree.
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The longevity of crows is much greater than I ever imagined!
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I wouldn’t have imagined that so much emphasis is placed on identifying and following individual crows from egg to death. The multiple and redundant “names” and forms of identification were also surprising and interesting. Finally, I was also surprised to learn that newly hatched crows are naked and have blue eyes until maturity!
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I was most surprised to learn that blood sampling is the method for determining gender. I was also surprised to learn that the bands often do not last the lifetime of the birds.
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It's amazing that you're able to follow so many individual crows! I'm looking forward to learning about their family life and how they socialize with other crows.
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It was interesting how thorough they are, and how they had the ability to track whole families. I am curious as to if the wing tags and radio antennas impact the crows' behavior.
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I am curious about the same thing.
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I was surprised that they live so long, although parrots also have great longevity, and they are also a remarkably intelligent group. I wonder if there is a correlation.
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That is a good point. I would be interested in any studies paralleling life expectancy with intelligence as well.
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I am not sure I found anything surprising about their methods. Wait, I take that back - I thought it was surprising that the research teams have already gone through all of the possible letter / number combinations TWICE. What was interesting to me was learning how to identify crows' nests and that baby crows have blue eyes.
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i was surprised to learn that you would actually take the babes out of the nest to the ground to study them. What are the parent crows doing while you take their babies away?
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I was surprised that the baby crows were taken out of the nest and then returned with no adverse effects to the family.
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That they use 3 different bands/tags to ID them!
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I thought that was interesting, too - and I kept wondering if the birds are bothered by the one on their wings.
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I had heard previously about some of how crows are researched but I did not know that they sex them via blood samples.
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Yes! That was a fascinating tidbit!
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I'm surprised that the big plastic tags don't get in the crows' way. And the radio trackers, those seem cumbersome. I'm surprised that the processing that the researchers do doesn't disrupt the family life of the crow.
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Going up into the nests to capture the baby crows to take blood and band them. I hope they are gentle with them :)
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in the hand
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That they take the babies so young to mark and study. Also that the markings stay on for such a long time. That crows live to be 19 years old
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Getting up to those tall nests! AND blue-eyed young. I learned that in ornithology, but had forgotten.
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I knew most of it as I have been corvid crazy since the cradle and have followed Dr. MacGowan's work for a very long time. I guess the fact that the team could so closely follow individuals and identify their relationship with other other birds within the different flocks/families.
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That they can climb up into those high trees to tag babies in the nests and that it doesn't disturb the mother's interest in her nest. Also the multiple banding method and that sexing the crows comes by taking blood.
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I didn't know that sex was determined by taking blood and DNA testing. If crows live up to 19 years in the wild, how long would they live if they are in captivity/in a park/non-releasable facility?
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The way they identify them with three different ids.
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The multiple banding method and the ability to track crows for 18 years. I did not know they lived this long. This is the kind of meticulous work that reminds me of Jane Goodall tracking primates. Fascinating to know there are such personalities in crows. Admirable work. Great to finally understand why they hang out in cemeteries.
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I really appreciated that little bit about cemeteries, too!
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1)length of life 2) no down on babies 3) at least in NY, maintain same nests
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1) that mom and babies tolerate banding, blood samples so well.
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The longevity of a crow is mind blowing!
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`my reaction is a repeat of most all comments below. I love that they become individually known over time. I tend to be amazed that they tolerate all that "stuff" on them - bands, and tags, and radio thingies, and that those things do not alter their behavior in some way. Wee comment, if photographers are willing to give up their credits occasionally, it was hard for me not to peek at the credit ... which was often a dead giveaway as to which the crow was). HOWEVER, I still paid attention to the difference and learned something so it was fascinating - though I would count myself fortunate indeed to see a (non-stranded) baby in the field!
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I'd agree with Ben. I'm amazed at the nest to grave study !! And on a highly individualized level ! Bird by bird, year after year. I'm also amazed to learn of their longevity. I'd have thought crows lived somewhere around five to six years. Eighteen or nineteen !!! Wow !!
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I thought that crows would have lived way longer than 13 years.
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I was surprised by their longevity.
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most interesting was the nest to grave approach. the amount of data that studying individuals that way must generate is kind of mind blowing! also, kudos to you brave souls for scaling such heights to collect data.
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I liked that they studied the birds as individuals and tracked how they were related to other crows.
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I was surprised not only by the fact that they took babies but by the blood sampling.
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I was surprised that researchers took baby crows from their nests.
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Me too! And that it didn’t disrupt their family life when they put them back again!
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I like how the team can track individuals and find out how long they live and who they hang out with. To get to know the crows as individuals would be so rewarding, like having an old friend. It is so miraculous to see how the little ones look so helpless and how they change over time. It was so interesting how they are born with blue eyes! Neat to see the bird's eye view from their nests. It makes me wonder how you would tell a squirrel nest from a crow nest.
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I found the details about tagging and how long some of them live very interesting.
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I learned so many interesting things but most surprising was how long they lived. Also interesting was the blood sample to tell sex of the crow.
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That the nestlings are tagged three different ways. I have not heard of tagging the wings before. It was neat to learn that the birds can be followed for much of their lives, up to 18/19 years. I was really happy to learn that they are studied as individuals.
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Putting tags on wings is not uncommon, especially for bigger birds. Wing tags have been used to identify California Condors in the wild for years, especially for those who were captive-bred and then released into the wild. It is much easier to see a large wing tag than any leg bands on a bird that spends much of its time soaring/flying.
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By tagging the birds you were able to find out how their community is structured and how it changes over time.
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So interesting how you have these study methods . . Two questions: I imagine you have to use the gear that tree trimmers do to get to the tallest part of the tallest tree where the nest and babies are, and handle the babies and put tags and bands that are strange to them. Why does that not spook the parents and make them leave the nest? You always hear that birds and animals will abandon young ones if you scare them or make too much of a ruckus near their nests. If humans need to use a blood test to tell the gender of the birds, how do the birds know who is male and female? I have often wondered this because I have parakeets at home, one type (budgie) I have a male and female you can sort of tell by the color of their nose but the other (parrotlet) you are supposed to give them a dna test to tell. Two of them squabble and the other one so I assume it's the boys arguing over the girl.
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Erin asked: <
I imagine you have to use the gear that tree trimmers do to get to the tallest part of the tallest tree where the nest and babies are, and handle the babies and put tags and bands that are strange to them. Why does that not spook the parents and make them leave the nest? You always hear that birds and animals will abandon young ones if you scare them or make too much of a ruckus near their nests.>>
Erin asked < < If humans need to use a blood test to tell the gender of the birds, how do the birds know who is male and female? >>
There are some differences between male and female that a crow would be better able to access than a human or researcher. We are not aware of any studies that have been done to determine how the crows themselves know male vs. female. The male does have a slightly lower voice than the female and while that is difficult for humans to easily use for "sexing" a bird the crows themselves might be better at using voice to tell male from female. There are probably other differences they pick up on such as slight differences in bill size or shape. Even trained researchers have a difficult time with any visual differences and that is why to be 100% sure researchers go by DNA tests. There are probably behavioral cues they could pick up on but without a proper study it is all speculation. Thanks for asking.
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I didn't realize that baby crows did not have black down....great to know and much easier to distinguish.
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Agreed. I noticed they are never really all that cute ;) They kind of go from breath-takingly ugly to almost full feathered like an adult. THe blue eyes when they are young is also helpful.
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I think the most interesting was the banding of the banding of the birds. What I was surprised by is by telling the sex bt taking a blood sample.
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I have a question? At 3:36 in the video there are three still images showing the handling of the babies for research. The image where the researcher is examining the inside of the crows mouth, there is a colour chart in the frame. Can information regarding the baby’s health be detected by the colour of their tongue?
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Can information regarding the baby’s health be detected by the colour of their tongue?
Dorothy, The color chart you noticed was used that year by a graduate student that was looking to see if inside mouth color variation was indicator of anything such as health, quality, or temperature. That student has not published study results so no updates or conclusions for us to post about.
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Probably how scientists went from colored bands to metal bands then to wing tags and transmitters. It also must be a challenge to locate the new nests each year.
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I didn’t know crows lived so long.
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I had no idea they could live that long, and be tracked individually for so long. That's wonderful! I didn't realize their feathers would start to turn white with age either, though it makes sense if they're living past ten.
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I was surprised that the researchers would put large, visible wing tags on the birds. I would be concerned that this would make the crows more visible to predators as well as to researchers! The crows seem to be doing okay with the tags since some of the individual birds live up to 19 years. Still, crows evolved to be all black, not black with rainbow wing patches, so I am still concerned that there is a fitness cost to this tagging method.
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This is a good question and I am disappointed that no expert responded to it
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I didn't know the white feathers were a sign of aging. Can crows of any age have naturally occurring white feathers?
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I didn't know that their eyes changed colors like that! That's really interesting. Also, I am surprised at how well they tolerate those big, gaudy wing tags. Do untagged crows ever attack the tagged ones, thinking there is something wrong with them or that it is a stranger? Or is it that they are smart enough to realize "Ok, that's still my sister, even thought she has that pink thing on her"? Curious...
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I'm also disappointed that no expert responded to any unusual behavior that tagging the crows cause.
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I had no idea that crows were being studied and banded. Great way to collect data and identify them. I have trouble keeping track of who’s who. That was very good news to hear they live to 17.
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I had no clue they could live 18+ years!
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That you have been following them for so many years! And the three tags - I thought that leg bands lasted forever. Aren't the wing tags - and I noticed some kind of antennae on their backs in one shot - obtrusive or invasive in the crows' movements?
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The local researchers haven't noticed anything to indicate that the tags impede movement. The tags usually stay on for several years, but not as long as the leg bands. Crow "AP" the longest lived of the research crows still had remnants of his wing tag at age 17. When they first get the wing tags they fuss with them, investigating the new adornments. However after a day or so they seem oblivious to their presence. The antennas haven't been put on very many crows thus far and don't stay on for very long. They usually fall off in less than 1 year.
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I was surprised that team members had to be hoisted up to the nests at the top of those tall trees.
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All of the different types of banding
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I wonder why males and females look alike when so many other species of birds have such sexual dimorphism. Do male crows not need to impress females visually? Maybe it's his sense of humor or some other sign of intelligence that makes him attractive. ;)
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When the males and females look the same they are called sexually monomorphic. The males are slightly larger than the females but not enough for humans to easily notice the difference without taking measurements and that is why DNA testing is the best way for humans to tell the sexes apart. Crows do have some courtship displays. However there is more that could be researched about the American Crow courtship process. The local researchers don't witness the meeting of a crow with a mate or potential mates and the courtship period is thought to happen quickly perhaps. They don't know if the males need to impress the females visually. It is difficult to make an assessment since the local researchers don't witness much if any of the courtship process.
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@Lee Ann van Leer Great question Kendra. Very interesting that so little is known about the courtship ritual. This is usually such a big part of what you read about whenever trying to learn about different birds from your standard guidebooks. Now I'm really curious why crows are so different (i.e., if it is in fact a short courtship period, then why? Does it make them vulnerable somehow?)
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@Eveline Hello Eveline, Corvids in general don't show a lot of display for courtship. With the American Crows they typically form a long term pair bond so they aren't having to do a lot of courtship displays and rituals every year for breeding season like some other types of birds might do. Once the bond is formed it can last for many years or until one dies so the odds of a researcher observing that first time period that a new couple is pairing up for the first time is slim. That coupled with the difficulty in humans differentiating individual crows which can't be reliably told apart from another crow without them being tagged and or color-banded. If you are observing unmarked crows you don't necessarily know if you are observing a male or a female, parent, partner, child etc reliably. In the course there is an offer for course takers to get a discount on Birds of North America (BNA) subscriptions. BNA is our more in depth online encyclopedia of North American Birds. Here is an excerpt from Birds of North America, American Crow : Pair Bond Courtship Displays and Mate-Guarding. Courtship display, if it exists, is rare, judging by the paucity of reports on the subject (Good 1952). Allopreening, often actively solicited by either mate, occurs regularly, but largely ceases during incubation (Kilham 1989). Billing, seen infrequently, involves a mated pair gently fencing with their bill tips, and bill-grasping (Kilham 1989, CC). Members of a breeding pair stay in close contact during egg-laying stage (Caffrey 1992). Breeding male guards mate during time of sexual receptiveness. At start of egg-laying in Florida, males stood generally on 1 of 2 or 3 favorite perches, on the ground below the nest, on a fence post, or in a tree as far as 150 m away, watching for periods of 30 min. Males hardly fed their incubating mates during mate-guarding period; helpers fed the females (Kilham 1989). In California and Oklahoma, guarding males sit for hours at a time, with only short breaks, in obvious high perches near incubating females (CC). Copulation; Pre- And Postcopulatory Displays Based on Black 1941 , Kilham 1989 . During precopulatory display, both sexes crouch, bodies horizontal, wings out and drooping, and tails vibrating up and down; females use same display posture during courtship begging (accompanied by nasal “ waahs ”; CC). Sometimes this same display occurs in other context; juveniles give it to older siblings and some-times to each other (CC). Begging nestlings and fledglings assume the same posture and produce nasal “ waahs ” as well (CC). Males sometimes pick up objects as part of copulatory behavior. During copulation, male settles on female, waving his outstretched wings; female stands and vibrates her tail up and down while the male works his tail under hers. Loud, hoarse calls by female, audible 250 m away, heard during 13 of 30 copulations seen. Copulations occur on the ground, in trees, and on nests; last from 4 to 12 s. Reverse mounting occurs (Kilham 1989 ).
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@Eveline Sounds like an idea for a research project, albeit, it would be a difficult one to observe in the wild, since it seems difficult even under more controlled conditions like the researchers have.
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It's nice to know that crows can live for so long in the wild. I didn't know about the need to be redundant with tagging - that's interesting!
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Three tags
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Eye color changing in birds fascinates me. WHY do their eyes change color? WHEN do their eyes change color? is there some purpose for eyes being difference colors?
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For crows the eye color is a cue for the recognition of juvenile status. The blue eyes show that they are babies. The blue eyes change to their adult color within a month or two after they fledge (leave the nest). The pink inside out the mouth is another visual cue for crows to recognize that the crow is a young crow. The pink inside of the mouth can last up to two years.
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Sounds like another good advanced degree research project!
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What it takes to be an ornithologist. I just can't imagine myself climbing such tall trees and bringing down chicks and then climbing back up to put them back. I like watching crows and wish the ones around me were banded so I could tell if I see the same one repeatedly. I've seen crows do so many interesting things.
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I'm still mulling over the fact that the only truly reliable way of determining the sex of a crow is blood analysis. I have been attempting to guess males( by what seemed to me to be useful) that in a pair one seems to have a slightly larger head due to more or ruffled feathers. Is this at all reliable?
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The size difference between male and female is so slight that even the crow experts don't always guess the sex correctly just by visual characteristics. Size can be deceptive and feathers can be fluffed up or smoothed down variably by a bird. So the only reliable way to sex crows is by DNA. Thanks for asking about this.
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Definitely the wing tags for distance ID! And I was interested to know how long the crows live.
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Most interesting -- the wing tags for distance identification! So curious as to how these were developed, made, coded, attached. Would love to learn more.
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What was most interesting to me is the focus on individuals, and the ability to stay with an individual bird through its life. To me, this brings understanding of the species to a whole new level - beyond the abstraction of “crow” to a specific, concrete, real life. To our untrained eyes, individual birds of a species look identical. We can’t sort out sibling relationships or even mates outside the breeding season. How much richer to know this crow is 17 years old, the brother of this bird and the mate of that one! How much more connected we become to a fellow creature when we are able to see it as a unique individual.
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I agree; well said!
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@Chris Yes, so true!
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We see our pet birds and other pets as individuals, so why not view crows and other wild animals the same way?
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I was very happy (and surprised) to hear about the crows that had been tagged and observed for so long. I think it’s wonderful that the people working on the crow research are able to track family relationships. I really wish I could do this with the crows I feed, but unless one crow has some unusual feature or personality tic, I have a hard time telling the ones in my yard apart. I also was surprised and very charmed by the elderly crow’s white face feathers. In the picture he looks dignified and wise. I hope the younger crows are taking his advice.
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Interesting the number of tags used. Did not realiza this.
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I was a little surprised at how tolerant the crows seemed to be with the researchers. In my own personal study, I'd read accounts of crows remembering for years the faces of researchers and reacting adversely to their presence. Perhaps I was just misinterpreting what I saw in the lesson in that regard. And I was pleasantly surprised at how long the crows lived. I'm definitely in the love crows category, and I hope this work helps to improve the lives of crows everywhere.
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I was surprised that they were able to take track of individual crows for up to two decades, that they understood the family ties between crows and that they could find family members still flocking together (such as sisters two years apart).
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I am very surprised at how long they live and at their changing eye color.
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I was also surprised at how long they can live and that you can still recognize them when they have lost all their Id tags. I also wonder if the wing tags are annoying. I was also wondering when researchers would start using some kind of broadcasting tag since miniaturization has gotten so good. And I was wondering what kind of camera the researchers have that can now catch birds on the fly.
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The idea of using a smaller digital device on the crows seems like a better idea than the unwieldly big tags; then the crows could be identified from longer distances, and perhaps more accurately.
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I was surprised to learn how long crows can live.
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I was surprised that some can live so long that their leg bands fall or wear off.