#1 Where we live, this time of year we can easily identify Piliated Woodpeckers from all other birds due to it's shape. And we also have sandhill cranes that nest on our property that are very distinctive to anything else here. #2 At our feeder we get dark-eyed juncos, black-capped chickadees, and white-crowed sparrows that each have black, white and brown parts, but their colour patterns are very different from one another, which aids in identification. #3 The Ravens fly over our farm and scan the ground for anything to eat. Again the piliated woodpecker we saw ripping an old tree apart looking for food. The tree swallows are very active, flying overhead searching and eating insects in the air. And our pair of mallards on the pond peacefully bob up and down for food. #4 Not our favourite bird, but, we recently had a huge wind storm that must have pushed north some Bullock's Orioles. We had one at our feeder by the house and it confused us because it looked like a western tanager, which we get here, but the colour patterns were not quite the same. And the body share was definitely different. We didn't have Merlin yet, but the maps in our Sibley guide showed that the Bullock's came close to our location. So I asked a bird expert friend of mine, and even though it is rare for the bird to be here, it likely was. And since then, there have been other sightings, so our ID was confirmed.

Activity #3 Robins searching for worms Osprey hunting fish in the lake near us Song sparrow scratching for something in the shrubs (bugs?)

The warblers are definitely going through here in southern Maine!  Today I saw a female yellow warbler (tentative id by size and color, then positive when she sang).  I id’d the song sparrow first by by its song (three first notes, then the rest).  Goldfinch flock both by coloring and the behavior in flight (up and down, up and down trajectory).  A week ago I saw this guy in a stand of brushy trees, which I think is a northern parula because, although in shadows, I had time to study him and am pretty positive I saw a greenish patch on his upper back, and a dark band across his throat/chest.  Apologies for the bad quality of the pix - I only had my phone zoomed in as much as possible, then cropped out all the brushy stuff....

Activity 2 I saw a rose breasted grosbeak, a northern cardinal, and a house finch that all have red on them. The grosbeak’s rosy red bib on the breast was easy to spot.The rest of the bird was black and white.His head was all black, his back was black and wings had white wing bars. His lower chest was white with the red bib prominent under his chin.  The female northern cardinal had a bright red beak, red on the wings and crest and rosy red breast area.  Finally the house finch has a red cap on his head, red breast and brown back with brown streaks on his flanks.  at first I wasn’t sure if he was a purple finch or a house finch, but on looking up those two in Sibleys, I could tell that my bird was a house finch.

My favorite recent bird I have seen a couple of times while riding my bike out near marshes, and is the American Avocet.  I like this bird because of its long beak that I see it poking in the mud, presumably for food, and its distinguishable coloring.  This bird has a redish brown head with a white body and large black stripes on the wings.  It also has light blue legs.  It's a medium sized bird roughly the size of a crow and is often seen surveying the mud near shorelines.

Activity 4:  Not necessarily my favorite bird but I spotted a pair of birds three days ago.  Had no idea what they were. Using the ID methods taught in this course I found out they were Eastern Kingbirds.  They landed on a Hydrangea Bush just outside my kitchen.  So I decided they were about the size of a Robin.  They both had the same markings.  It did not seem like there was a different between a male and a female.  They were a dark grey color with some white markings.  They had a white belly and it went all the way up under the chin.  They had a very black cap.  The best giveaway was the white tips of feathers on the very end of the tails. I did not hear them so could not ID with a song or call.   It was for me a great spot.

I had three different black birds at the feeder this morning. A very large Crow, several Starlings and the Red wing blackbird.  I wish  my bird book and Merlin would have photos instead of descriptions of the female counterpart . I have no idea what a female Red wing looks like.

In our location (Northern Illinois),we enjoy all our backyard visitors and those we can find in our trips to local wetlands and nature preserves ! As far as those with distinct shapes to note , we have sizes and shapes  from the finches all the way up to mallards and the migratory egrets and herons and also predators that frequently raid the feeders, mainly red tailed hawks, and sharp shinned hawks.   When we are fortunate to have the waterfowl here, the size and shape come into play with the Great Egrets , and herons , as long with the hawks to help decipher them apart. As our Winter leaves us, we see groups of somewhat similar sized dark colored birds.... Grackles, Blackbirds, Cow Birds ,,,,feeding mostly on the ground under feeders.  The distinctive  red bands ease to ID of the redwinged blackbirds, the brown head/crown helps spot the cowbirds, and the iridescent blue head and crown aid in the ID of the Grackles. Feeding helps spot our woodpeckers, downy and hairy, at our peanut stations, our Northern Cardinals at our platform feeders going after striped , golden sunflower and safflower , and at this time of our early spring, both Baltimore Orioles, and Orchard Orioles at our fruit/nectar stations mainly oranges and grape jelly . Have many favorites, but must say I really enjoy the Nuthatches, both the Red Breasted and White Breasted. Love to see them visiting our feeders, taking their seed and heading to our trees and going down the trunk upside down. Also love to hear their chattering and calls when I'm out restocking the feeders !!! Wish we saw them more often !!  

As a backyard birder I am familiar with a dozen or so regulars, and half a dozen spring migrants who drop in for a day or days.  Some of the birds are in pairs, and so we get to know them individually (downey and hairy woodpeckers, cardinals, orioles, robins) while others form flocks (goldfinches (spring), house sparrows (by spring, 15 to 20, by fall, 40+).  Close knowledge of a limited set of birds provides a good measuring stick when observing birds in parks, on the waterfront, and so on.  The house and barn swallows in the waterfront parks, for example, are bigger than goldfinches, infinitely elegant flyers, easily identified by their forked tails and differentiated by breast colours.  I find binoculars are mostly unnecessary - the home birds are close, the park birds fly close if you stay still long enough.  Not particularly interested in lists, either.  Just find birds endlessly interesting.

A question as I progress through this section: Why is it that some birds can have size and color difference and still be considered the same species while others can have size and color differences but are considered separate species? For example, a song sparrow from Arizona is more lightly colored than one from British Colombia (or so I read in a Sibley book) but they are the same species whereas American Crows and fish Crows are nearly identical but are considered different species whereas eastern and western meadowlark have slightly different plumages but are consider different species. Or, another example, rock pigeons have dark and tan and white morphs but are all specifically rock pigeons. Are the species differentiated by actual DNA or genetical differences? For species who are so similar, using the song sparrow example again, are they genetically identical and simply have the slight color or feature size variations because of their local environment? As for species such as the rock pigeon where all of the variations can be seen in the same location, why are they so different assuming they are the same species?

1. Duck and cormorant. Cormorant, - upright posture when on land. Longer neck and longer thin bill. Smaller head. 2. Song sparrow, field sparrow and house sparrow. I find the sparrows hard to identify but the app made it much easier plus having photos to refer to. 3. Red-winged blackbird, - foraging on the ground. Mallard duck feeding in water. Tree swallow feeding in flight. 4. Red-tailed hawk. Large, rounded wings and tail. Red tail. Gliding, soaring in circles. Common in Toronto and resident all year.

Activity 1:  The Canada Goose is a large bird with a long neck, relatively short legs, and big feet.  The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is very small with wings moving in a blur and a very long thin bill that iBird describes as needle shape.   Activity 2:  I got lucky. Usually, I see only Robins and Cardinals wearing red. Today I also saw a Scarlet Tanager and a hummingbird. I knew their common names already, but I was surprised how easy it was to find them using Merlin. I have now learned their full names. The American Robin has an orange chest and underparts according to Merlin and rich red-brown breast according to iBird Pro. The Northern Cardinal is solid red except for its black mask and throat. Scarlet Tanager is described as being a brilliant red except for its black wings and tail. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird has a bright red throat.   Activity 4:  My favorite bird is the Common Loon. It is a large bird that spends its life in the water except when it makes a nest close to the water. It has a black bill and white breast and black and white patterns on the rest of its body. It has a striking white and black neckband, which we call a necklace. It feeds by diving underwater and can stay down for a long time. It has a number of calls, such as an eery wail, several varieties of a tremolo, and a hoot. It spends the summer primarily along the northern border of the US, and Alaska and Canada. In the winter, it migrates to the Atlantic or Pacific coast and southeastern US. In the winter, it turns mostly gray, including it’s bill, with a dull white underparts.

I recently saw a pyrrhuloxia in a Sonoran desert community. It clearly had the shape and size of a Northern Cardinal but very different markings with a short yellow bill and red face and some dusty red on its wings. We also have what we call a "black cardinal" which are pretty abundant and its very distinctive- all shiny black witha red eye. So three different cardinals in the desert!

1. I had 2 different doves at my feeder same color and similar actions. One was a Mourning Dove the other was a Eurasian Collard Dove. The Mourning Dove was petite and the Eurasian Collard Dove had a larger Chunkier body and a collar around it's neck. 2. I used the Cornell web-cam at Sapsucker Woods and spotted a Red Winged Blackbird, A Red Bellied Woodpecker and a Rose-breasted Grosbeak. (Bottom right corner) I believe I got this right. This one looks like it has a more red breast than the one on the Merlin ID app. If I am wrong can someone let me know, thanks. 3. I saw a Chipping Sparrow on the ground beneath the feeder. It hops and digs. It flew into the nearby bushes when startled. I saw a Robin in my hummingbird garden. She hopped, stopped tilted her head, stood still then repeated. She finally found a worm. I had a black-capped Chickadee eating seed from the feeder. Although when the feeder holes were full he went to the ground to eat. 4. My favorite bird is a Bald Eagle. They are large brownish black with a white head and tail. They usually live near bodies of water. We have a pair at Stanley Lake in Westminster, Colorado. They soar with wings flat and head far out in front of them. They are majestic. To see one takes your breath away. I follow several different Eagle cams and enjoy watching th young hatch and grow to maturity.

Activity #4 - I have two favorite birds:  hummingbird and catbird.  Unfortunately, I never see hummingbirds where I live.  I live on a barrier island in New Jersey and we don't have enough vegetation to sustain them.  They are very abundant if you go onshore though. My new favorite is the catbird.  I think they have the loveliest sound and we do have quite a few of them around my house.  They love the red berries on a neighbor's Aucuba.  They pick them off of the bush, and take them to the cement sidewalk where they eat them and leave the pits.

3. The only birds I´ve seen finding food are the yellow finches that go to the gound to pick between leaves with some other brownish birds that I havent paid much attention yet. The kiskadees como frequently to the pool border to drink, standing on the edge with confidence. 4. The bird I´ll try to describe is a Black and Red one. It is smaller than a Robin, has very bright red chest, black head and wings, I´ve seen both with black bill only, and one with some part of the bill white as well (the lower part). I´ve seen it flying, and on trees, but not in very visible branches, rather in the inside of the tree (compared with the (as yet unidentified yellow, bronwn and gray bird from activitie 1) that always seem to be showing off in very visible and open tip branches). Some of them seem brigther than others (I´m guessing male-female), but really still not sure. What I noticed was the tail opening in a fan like fashion while perching or drinking water by the edge of the pool. I´ve been relying on Merlin (phone) as I has not yet get any field guide, but I´m guessing is a Crimson-Backed Tanager. I share some (regular) pictures hoping for any help to pinpointing all of the birds mentioned. Cheers.

1. Just by shape I could recognize both a Woodpecker (sound helped) and a Parrot (sound helped also). After using Merlin I guess that they were a Red Crowned Woodpecker and a Spectacled Parrotlet (plenty of them).   2. I,ve seen  various yellow (more or less) birds and had a hard time IDing them. One of them mostly yellow and easier, I found was a Zafron Finch, the other two were trickier. Both had yellow chest,vwhite throat and brown wings. Their diferences were mostly in the head, one being a kind of Kiskadee (there are many and still not sure between them) with its black/white head -I would say black mask over white head (?)-, the other one with a gray/silvered head that I haven´t been able to ID with Merlin. I share some pictures, so any info would be very nice.

Activity 1:  I have seen birds of approximately the same size but silhouetted by the sun and can't see their colours.  The Grackle is much slimmer with a thinner profile than the American robin.

Activity 4: My new favorite bird is the Yellow-rumped Warbler. It is about the same size and shape as a sparrow. The Yellow-Rumped Warbler has a bright yellow rump, a yellow patch under its wings, a black mask, white belly, and black and gray markings. It flits quickly about in trees and bushes, perching briefly before flying off again.

Activity 3: I observed several birds searching for food in different ways. All images from allaboutbirds.org. The Barn Swallow skimmed across Irondequoit Bay, eating insects. The Downy Woodpecker pecks in dead tree trunks to find insects.   The Bufflehead dives underwater to eat aquatic creatures.  

Activity 1: Two birds I can tell apart just by shape are the Mallard duck and the Mute Swan. While both are waterfowl, the swan is a larger bird with a longer neck. Activity 2: I was quite proud to use my newly-acquired binocular skills to identify three similarly-colored birds by their patterns and markings. While these three birds share the same colors (yellow, black, and white), their markings helped me identify them using my Paterson field guide. The Yellow Warbler is almost entirely yellow with some gray and black colorings on its back and wings. The Yellow-Rumped Warbler has a bright yellow rump, a yellow patch under its wings, a black mask, white belly, and black and gray markings.  The American Goldfinch is bright yellow with black forehead and wings. (Images from allaboutbird.org) Yellow Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler American Goldfinch

in answer to activity 1.  Yesterday I observed several double crested cormorants and a few mallards in a nearby bay.  The cormorant has the long slender neck and sits much lower in the water than the duck like appearance of the mallard. activity 2.   The ring necked duck, the lesser scaup and the common goldeneye all have various amounts of white and black.  It always takes me a while to see the difference.  The common goldeneye has the white patch on its face, the ring necked duck has more black feathers on its back and the female lesser scaup has a white ring behind its bill.  I find I have to get fairly close to make a positive id.  They all like to share the same bay. activity 3.  Yesterday I saw a pileated woodpecker looking for a meal in a huge poplar tree. On the same hike an ovenbird was on the trail looking for something to eat and several chickadees were also on the hunt for bugs. activity 4.  My favourite bird is the hooded merganser.  It is duck like in appearance. It has a large white crest on its head and is often found in smaller ponds or lakes.

For activity B:  three birds that have black would be : red winged blackbird, Canadian goose, and American crow

We have great egrets and snowy egrets in our area.  Never could tell the difference, now I know the snowy has yellow feet! And the great egret has a kink in its neck.  (I feel that way often!)